Easy Guidance, Trusted Expertise
We help businesses and digital ventures navigate UAE’s evolving financial landscape with clarity and confidence. From corporate tax registration and VAT implications to IFRS-based crypto accounting and audit preparation, our services ensure full regulatory alignment. Whether you're launching a startup or scaling a crypto exchange, we deliver tailored solutions that meet reporting standards, licensing requirements, and growth objectives.
FAQ
Most Frequently Asked Question
Is professional bookkeeping mandatory in the UAE?
Yes. All companies must maintain proper financial records and accounting books for a minimum of five to seven years to comply with UAE Commercial Law and FTA requirements for VAT and Corporate Tax.
How often should I update my company’s accounts?
We strongly recommend monthly bookkeeping. This guarantees your financials are real-time, ensures immediate reconciliation, and prevents costly backlog and compliance issues during quarterly VAT filing.
How long does it take to clear an accounting backlog?
The timeline depends on complexity and volume (e.g., months vs. years of missing data). We start with a Gap Analysis and aim for a fast resolution, prioritizing compliance filings (VAT) first, typically resolving small backlogs in 4-8 weeks.
What exactly is 'Audit-Ready Bookkeeping'?
It means your books are maintained to IFRS standards with every transaction verifiable by a source document, a clean audit trail, and fully reconciled accounts (bank, AR/AP), allowing your annual audit to pass swiftly.
What is the role of Cloud Accounting in UAE compliance?
Cloud systems (Xero, QuickBooks, Zoho) are crucial because they automate VAT calculations, provide real-time reporting, and offer a secure, digital audit trail, which minimizes human error and is preferred by the FTA.
Is my data secure in a cloud accounting system?
Yes. Reputable providers like Xero and QuickBooks use bank-level encryption and global servers, offering far more security, automated backups, and fraud monitoring than a typical local desktop or in-house server.
What is Bank Reconciliation, and why is it important for SMEs?
It is the process of matching your General Ledger to your bank statement. It is vital for SMEs to detect fraud (unauthorized transactions), correct accounting errors, and verify the accurate cash position required for liquidity management.
What are the key financial reports required by UAE banks/investors?
Banks typically require the last 6-12 months of Bank Statements, IFRS-compliant Financial Statements (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flow Statement), and sometimes custom AUP Reports (Agreed Upon Procedures) for specific account verification.
What is Accounts Payable (AP) and Accounts Receivable (AR) management?
AR is managing customer invoices and collections (cash inflow). AP is managing supplier bills and scheduled payments (cash outflow). We optimize both to maximize your Cash Flow and reduce DSO (Days Sales Outstanding).
Which inventory valuation method should my UAE company use?
The most common and preferred method in the UAE (IFRS-compliant) is FIFO (First-In, First-Out), which generally provides a more accurate representation of ending inventory value on the Balance Sheet.
Do you handle Multi-Currency accounting?
Yes. For Dubai's trade-focused market, we set up Multi-Currency tracking in cloud software to accurately record transactions in foreign currency, manage exchange rate fluctuations, and calculate FX Gains/Losses.
What is Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), and why is accuracy important?
COGS is the direct cost of inventory sold (materials, labor, production overhead). Accuracy is crucial because it directly impacts your Gross Profit (Revenue - COGS) and ultimately reduces your Corporate Taxable Income.
Can I still use spreadsheets for my accounts?
While possible for very small, simple entities, spreadsheets are highly prone to error, lack an auditable trail, and cannot automate VAT/CT calculations, making them unsuitable for any growing, compliant business.
Do you offer an outsourced CFO service?
Yes, our service includes strategic financial advice, budgeting, cash flow forecasting, KPI tracking, and liaising with external auditors—providing high-level financial guidance typical of a Virtual CFO.
What records do I need to keep for the legal retention period?
You must keep all original source documents: invoices (sales & purchases), bank statements, contracts, VAT returns, CT returns, and general ledger entries. These must be digitally archived and instantly retrievable.
How does your service help manage WPS payroll compliance?
We automate payroll processing and generate the mandatory Salary Information File (SIF) in the exact format required by MOHRE, ensuring timely salary transfers and compliance with the WPS system to avoid fines.
Who must register for Corporate Tax (CT) in the UAE?
All juridical persons (LLCs, FZEs, FZCOs) and natural persons acting as businesses with revenue over AED 1 million must register. Registration is mandatory even if you are exempt or expect 0% tax.
What are the tax rates for CT and VAT?
Corporate Tax (CT): 0% on net profit up to AED 375,000; 9% on net profit above this threshold. VAT: Standard rate is 5%.
How do Free Zone companies ensure they qualify for 0% CT?
They must apply as a Qualifying Free Zone Person (QFZP), derive Qualifying Income (mostly international trade/finance), and maintain Economic Substance (ESR) in the UAE. Failure risks a 9% tax liability on all income.
When is the deadline for filing the Corporate Tax Return?
The annual CT Return must be filed via the EmaraTax portal within nine months following the end of the relevant financial year (Tax Period).
What is the penalty for late CT registration?
Failure to register for Corporate Tax by the deadline will result in a fixed fine of AED 10,000 imposed by the FTA.
What is Transfer Pricing (TP), and why does it matter to my group company?
TP ensures that transactions between Related Parties (entities under common ownership/control) are priced at Arm's Length (market value). It matters because the FTA can adjust your taxable income if pricing is deemed manipulative.
Who must file a Transfer Pricing Disclosure Form (TPDF)?
All Taxable Persons with transactions involving Related Parties or Connected Persons that exceed the FTA-specified materiality thresholds must file the Transfer Pricing Disclosure Form (TPDF) with their CT return.
Can I use personal investment losses to reduce my Corporate Tax?
No. Personal income, capital gains, and losses are separate from corporate entities. Business losses can generally only be carried forward to offset future taxable income of the same business.
What is a Tax Residency Certificate (TRC), and why do I need one?
A TRC is an official FTA certificate confirming your tax residence in the UAE. It is essential for claiming benefits under Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAA) with foreign countries (e.g., to prevent a foreign country from taxing your UAE income).
How long does it take to get a TRC?
Once all compliant documents are submitted via EmaraTax, the FTA typically processes the application within 3–7 business days (for the certificate itself), though document preparation time varies.
What is VAT on imports, and how is it managed?
VAT applies to goods imported into the UAE. Registered businesses can use the Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM) to account for Import VAT in their VAT Return, avoiding cash payment at Customs clearance.
What is the penalty for late VAT de-registration?
If your business becomes ineligible for VAT registration (e.g., stops making taxable supplies) and you fail to de-register within 20 business days, you will incur an AED 10,000 fine.
Can the FTA fine me for historical tax periods?
Yes. The FTA has the authority to audit records and impose penalties for non-compliance for tax periods extending back several years, emphasizing the need for long-term record retention.
What is a 'Voluntary Disclosure,' and should I file one?
A Voluntary Disclosure (VAT 211) is a self-initiated form submitted to the FTA to correct errors in previous VAT returns or tax assessments. Filing before an audit significantly reduces applicable penalties.
What are the tax implications of receiving services from outside the UAE?
If you receive services from a non-resident supplier, you are likely required to apply the Reverse Charge Mechanism (RCM), meaning you must account for the Output VAT yourself in your VAT Return.
Do I have to register for Excise Tax if I only store the goods?
Yes. Businesses involved in the Import, Production, or Stockpiling of excisable goods (tobacco, energy drinks, sweetened beverages) must register for Excise Tax (and related product registration), regardless of turnover.
What are the requirements for Audit-Ready Financial Statements?
Statements must be prepared using IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), be free from material error, and be supported by 100% reconciled ledgers and a complete audit trail of all transactions.
What are the core components of IFRS-compliant statements?
The full set includes: Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet), Statement of Profit or Loss, Statement of Cash Flows, Statement of Changes in Equity, and comprehensive Notes to the Accounts (Disclosures).
What is the purpose of an Internal Audit, separate from the External Audit?
An Internal Audit is a management tool used to assess and strengthen internal controls, identify fraud risk, and improve operational efficiency. It prepares the company for a cleaner External Audit.
What is an FTA Tax Audit, and how will I be notified?
An FTA Tax Audit is an official inspection of your tax records (VAT, CT, Excise). You will be notified formally via the EmaraTax portal or a registered email, specifying the scope and the documents required.
What is the penalty for failing to provide records during an FTA Audit?
Failure to cooperate or to provide the requested tax records and documentation on time can result in a penalty of AED 20,000 for obstructing the audit.
What is the Economic Substance Test (ES Test)?
This is the core requirement under ESR that proves your company is genuinely managed in the UAE. It checks for: CIGAs (Core Income Generating Activities) conducted locally, adequate Employees/Expenditure, and Directed & Managed (Board Meetings held) in the UAE.
How do I prove 'adequate employees' for ESR?
You must show you have a sufficient number of qualified, full-time employees physically present in the UAE who are responsible for running the Relevant Activity, documented via contracts and Emirates IDs.
What is the UBO Register?
A mandatory corporate document that names the Ultimate Beneficial Owner (the natural person with >25% ownership or ultimate control). This register must be filed with your licensing authority (DED/Free Zone).
What is an Agreed Upon Procedure (AUP) Report?
A limited-scope engagement where an independent firm performs only the procedures agreed upon with the client and a third party (e.g., verifying a specific Gross Turnover figure for a shopping mall lease agreement).
Does a clean external audit guarantee I won't get an FTA tax audit?
No. An external financial audit ensures IFRS compliance for stakeholders. An FTA Tax Audit ensures Tax Law compliance. They are separate, though a clean financial audit significantly reduces the risk of tax penalties.
Is AML compliance required if my company isn't a financial firm?
Yes. If your company is categorized as a Designated Non-Financial Business or Profession (DNFBP) (e.g., real estate broker, precious metals dealer, accounting firm), you must implement an AML/CFT framework.
What is the penalty for submitting a false UBO declaration?
Providing false information for a UBO filing can result in fines and escalating penalties, including the suspension of your Trade License and potential legal action.
What is the typical validity period of an ICV Certificate?
The In-Country Value (ICV) Certificate is typically valid for 14 months from the date of the underlying Audited Financial Statements used for its calculation. It must be renewed annually thereafter.
What is the purpose of the Management Letter from the auditor?
The Management Letter is an internal document that highlights weaknesses in the company's internal controls, systems, or process inefficiencies, offering recommendations for improvement to management.
Can I challenge an FTA Audit finding or penalty?
Yes. You have the right to file a Reconsideration Request with the FTA within 20 business days of receiving the assessment notice, and you can be represented by an FTA-Approved Tax Agent.
What documents are needed for a corporate TRC application?
Key documents include a valid Trade License, Audited Financial Statements (covering the relevant year), a Certified Office Lease Agreement, and 6 months of UAE Bank Statements.
How do I reconcile the Net Payout from Amazon/Noon with my bank?
You must use specialized e-commerce reconciliation tools (e.g., A2X, Webgility) to automatically break down the lump-sum payout into its components: Gross Sales, Fees, Refunds, and VAT deductions, before matching the net amount to the bank deposit.
How do marketplace fees affect my Corporate Tax?
Platform fees (referral, fulfillment, advertising) are essential Allowable Deductions that reduce your taxable income. Our service correctly tracks and categorizes these fees to maximize your deduction and minimize CT liability.
Is VAT charged on sales made through Shopify to UAE customers?
Yes. If your business is VAT-registered, the standard 5% VAT must be charged and accurately recorded on all sales of taxable goods to final consumers within the UAE.
What is a Crypto Sub-Ledger, and why is it necessary?
A Crypto Sub-ledger is specialized software that aggregates and tracks volatile on-chain data (wallets, exchanges, DeFi) and automatically translates it into structured, IFRS-compliant accounting entries for your General Ledger (Xero/QuickBooks).
How is the value of crypto determined for reporting (FMV)?
For accounting purposes, crypto assets are valued at their Fair Market Value (FMV) in AED at the exact date and time of the transaction, using historical market data, which a sub-ledger automates.
Which cost basis method is acceptable for calculating crypto gains?
The FIFO (First-In, First-Out) method is generally preferred for calculating the Cost Basis of crypto assets sold, as it aligns well with IFRS standards for inventory and tax compliance.
How should NFT revenue be classified for Corporate Tax?
Profits from the creation and sale of NFTs (if done by a company) are generally classified as taxable Business Income or Inventory sales, not tax-exempt capital gains.
What are the accounting implications of DeFi Staking Rewards?
Staking Rewards are typically recognized as Revenue (interest or yield) at their Fair Market Value (FMV) in AED at the moment they are earned (received in the wallet), which requires precise, continuous tracking.
What are the main challenges for a multi-wallet business?
The challenges are data fragmentation, ensuring 100% reconciliation across all wallets/exchanges, tracking complex Gas Fees, and maintaining a unified, auditable transaction record for AML/VARA compliance.
What is the penalty for operating a crypto exchange without a VARA license?
Operating as a Virtual Asset Service Provider (VASP) without the necessary VARA License is illegal and subject to severe penalties, including fines up to AED 500,000 and license revocation.
Do I need to be VARA-licensed to manage my own company's crypto treasury?
Generally No. VARA licensing is required for companies providing Virtual Asset Services to customers (exchange, custody, brokerage). Managing your internal company treasury typically does not require a license, but it still demands strict AML and accounting compliance.
How does accounting handle customer returns and refunds in e-commerce?
Returns and refunds must be properly adjusted against Gross Sales and their associated Output VAT must be correctly offset in the VAT Return, preventing the overstatement of revenue and tax liability.
Do you support accounting for cross-border e-commerce sales?
Yes. We ensure compliance by correctly classifying exports as Zero-Rated Supplies (0% VAT), provided the required customs and documentation evidence is maintained.
What are the tax risks of co-mingling personal and business crypto wallets?
High Risk. Co-mingling makes it impossible to legally distinguish tax-exempt personal gains from taxable corporate income, which will instantly trigger a full FTA Tax Audit and potential penalties.
Is specific accounting software needed for NFT projects?
Yes. General GL software cannot handle the complexity of royalties or the unique classification of NFTs. Specialized crypto sub-ledgers are required to automate valuation and generate compliant reports.
What is a 'Gross Turnover Audit' for a retail business?
A specialized Sales Audit (AUP) where we verify a retail tenant's reported gross sales against POS data and bank records. This is often mandated by mall management to accurately calculate Turnover Rent under the lease agreement.
What are the fastest steps for Mainland company formation?
Choose Activity & Name. 2. Initial Approval (DED). 3. MoA Notarization. 4. Ejari/Office Lease. 5. License Issuance. We manage all PRO services to expedite all government clearances.
What documents require Legal Translation and Attestation in the UAE?
All foreign-issued official documents, such as a Power of Attorney (POA), parent company Board Resolutions, Marriage Certificates (for visa), and foreign MoA/AoA, must be legally translated into Arabic and attested by MOFA.
What is the penalty for submitting non-attested foreign documents?
The primary penalty is immediate rejection of the application (visa, license, bank account) by the authority (Immigration/DED), resulting in significant delays and administrative costs.
Is it difficult to open a Corporate Bank Account in Dubai?
Yes. Banks maintain stringent AML/KYC protocols. We overcome this by pre-vetting all documents, preparing a robust Business Plan, and liaising with the bank's compliance team to expedite the process.
Yes. Banks maintain stringent AML/KYC protocols. We overcome this by pre-vetting all documents, preparing a robust Business Plan, and liaising with the bank's compliance team to expedite the process.
The minimum capital requirement has largely been removed by the UAE Commercial Companies Law (CCL), but Free Zones often specify a small minimum (e.g., AED 50,000). The bank will require the capital to be adequate for your stated business purpose.
What is the purpose of Corporate Secretarial Support?
It ensures the company complies with CCL requirements: maintaining Statutory Registers (Shareholders/Directors), drafting legally valid Board Minutes/Resolutions, and filing timely Annual Returns.
Can a Free Zone company trade with the Mainland?
No, not directly. To sell goods or services in the Mainland, a Free Zone company must typically partner with a local distributor/agent or establish a separate Mainland Branch/LLC.
How do I legally close my Mainland LLC?
You must appoint a Licensed Liquidator (an audit firm), pass a notarized Resolution, publish a 45-day newspaper notice for creditors, settle all liabilities, obtain final NOCs (Customs, Utilities, Labour), and complete FTA Tax Deregistration.
What are the risks of failing to formally liquidate a company?
The company remains legally liable for taxes, fines, and fees. Directors and shareholders may be exposed to personal liability for outstanding debts, and the Trade License will be permanently blocked.
What is the penalty for late VAT or CT Deregistration during closure?
Failure to de-register for VAT within 20 business days of ceasing activity incurs an AED 10,000 fine. Failure to de-register for CT also results in penalties and delays the final license cancellation.
What is Trade Finance, and can I access it as an SME?
Trade Finance (e.g., Letters of Credit, Guarantees) is crucial for import/export. We provide Financial Enablement advice and bank liaison to help reputable SMEs secure these facilities based on audited financials and proven transactional history.
What is an 'Instant License,' and should I choose it?
An Instant License (DED) offers fast setup without a physical office initially. It's great for quick starts but has limited legal forms and requires you to secure a proper office (Ejari) for the first renewal, which we help coordinate.
What proof of address is needed for a corporate bank account?
Banks usually require a fully attested Ejari (for Mainland) or a certified Lease Agreement (for Free Zone) to prove physical presence, as mandated by Central Bank AML requirements.
What are the fiduciary duties of a company director in the UAE?
Directors have a legal duty to act in the best interest of the company (Duty of Care) and avoid conflicts of interest (Duty of Loyalty). We maintain auditable Board Minutes to prove due diligence was exercised on all major decisions.
Do I need an Audited Financial Statement to open a bank account?
For new companies, a detailed Business Plan and personal bank statements may suffice. However, many banks require Audited Financial Statements for existing companies (even Free Zones) to prove stability and source of funds.
How can I freeze my Trade License instead of liquidating?
Some authorities allow you to freeze a license for up to three years (by paying a fee), but only if the company has zero active visas and no outstanding liabilities. This is only a temporary pause, not a legal closure.